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The observation of a two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) (1, 2),superconductivity (3, 4), magnetic effects (5) and electronic phase separation(6-8) at the interfaces of insulating oxides, especially LaAlO3/SrTiO3, hasfurther enhanced the potential of complex oxides for novel electronics. Theoccurrence of the 2DEG is strongly believed to be driven by the polarizationdiscontinuity (9) at the interface between the two oxides. In this scenario,the crystal orientation plays an important role and no conductivity would beexpected for e.g., the interface between LaAlO3 and (110)-oriented SrTiO3,which should not have a polarization discontinuity (10, 11). Here, we reportthe observation of unexpected conductivity at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaceprepared on (110)-oriented SrTiO3. The conductivity was further found to bestrongly anisotropic, with the ratio of the conductance along the differentdirections parallel to the substrate surface showing a remarkable dependence onthe oxygen pressure during deposition. The conductance and its anisotropy arediscussed based on the atomic structure at the interface, as revealed byScanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) and further supported bydensity functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Unexpected Anisotropic Two Dimensional Electron Gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (110) Interface