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Even though the terahertz spectrum is well suited for chemicalidentification, material characterization, biological sensing and medicalimaging, practical development of these applications has been hindered by theattributes of terahertz sources, namely low output power and poor efficiency.Here, we demonstrate that use of plasmonic contact electrodes can significantlyenhance the optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiency in a photoconductiveterahertz emitter. The use of plasmonic contact electrodes offers nanoscalecarrier transport path lengths for the photocarriers, enabling efficientcollection of the majority of carriers in a sub-picosecond time-scale. It alsoallows increasing photoconductor active area without a considerable increase inthe capacitive loading to the antenna, boosting the maximum terahertz radiationpower by preventing the carrier screening effect and thermal breakdown at highoptical pump powers. We experimentally demonstrated 50 times higher terahertzradiation power from a plasmonic photoconductive emitter in comparison with asimilar photoconductive emitter with non-plasmonic contact electrodes.

Significant Radiation Enhancement in Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters by Incorporating Plasmonic Contact Electrodes