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The latest discovery of high temperature superconductivity signature insingle-layer FeSe is significant because it is possible to break thesuperconducting critical temperature ceiling (maximum Tc~55 K) that has beenstagnant since the discovery of Fe-based superconductivity in 2008. It alsoblows the superconductivity community by surprise because such a high Tc isunexpected in FeSe system with the bulk FeSe exhibiting a Tc at only 8 K atambient pressure which can be enhanced to 38 K under high pressure. The Tc isstill unusually high even considering the newly-discovered intercalated FeSesystem A_xFe_{2-y}Se_2 (A=K, Cs, Rb and Tl) with a Tc at 32 K at ambientpressure and possible Tc near 48 K under high pressure. Particularlyinteresting is that such a high temperature superconductivity occurs in asingle-layer FeSe system that is considered as a key building block of theFe-based superconductors. Understanding the origin of high temperaturesuperconductivity in such a strictly two-dimensional FeSe system is crucial tounderstanding the superconductivity mechanism in Fe-based superconductors inparticular, and providing key insights on how to achieve high temperaturesuperconductivity in general. Here we report distinct electronic structureassociated with the single-layer FeSe superconductor. Its Fermi surfacetopology is different from other Fe-based superconductors; it consists only ofelectron pockets near the zone corner without indication of any Fermi surfacearound the zone center. Our observation of large and nearly isotropicsuperconducting gap in this strictly two-dimensional system rules out existenceof node in the superconducting gap. These results have provided an unambiguouscase that such a unique electronic structure is favorable for realizing hightemperature superconductivity.

Electronic Origin of High Temperature Superconductivity in Single-Layer FeSe Superconductor