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Rapid identification of agronomically important genes is of pivotal interest for crop breeding. One source of such genes are crop wild relative (CWR) populations. Here we used a CWR population of <200 wild beets ( B. vulgaris  ssp.  maritima ), sampled in their natural habitat, to identify the sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris  ssp.  vulgaris ) resistance gene  Rz2  with a modified version of mapping-by-sequencing (MBS). For that, we generated a draft genome sequence of the wild beet. Our results show the importance of preserving CWR  in situ  and demonstrate the great potential of CWR for rapid discovery of causal genes relevant for crop improvement. The candidate gene for  Rz2  was identified by MBS and subsequently corroborated via RNA interference (RNAi).  Rz2  encodes a CC-NB-LRR protein. Access to the DNA sequence of  Rz2  opens the path to improvement of resistance towards rhizomania not only by marker-assisted breeding but also by genome editing.

Crop wild relative populations of Beta vulgaris allow direct mapping of agronomically important genes