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Although increasing atmospheric nitrous oxide (N 2 O) has been linked to nitrogen loading, predicting emissions remains difficult, in part due to challenges in disentangling diverse N 2 O production pathways. As coastal ecosystems are especially impacted by elevated nitrogen, we investigated controls on N 2 O production mechanisms in intertidal sediments using novel isotopic approaches and microsensors in flow-through incubations. Here we show that during incubations with elevated nitrate, increased N 2 O fluxes are not mediated by direct bacterial activity, but instead are largely catalysed by fungal denitrification and/or abiotic reactions (e.g., chemodenitrification). Results of these incubations shed new light on nitrogen cycling complexity and possible factors underlying variability of N 2 O fluxes, driven in part by fungal respiration and/or iron redox cycling. As both processes exhibit N 2 O yields typically far greater than direct bacterial production, these results emphasize their possibly substantial, yet widely overlooked, role in N 2 O fluxes, especially in redox-dynamic sediments of coastal ecosystems.

Evidence for fungal and chemodenitrification based N2O flux from nitrogen impacted coastal sediments