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Quantum oscillations have revealed the presence of a small pocket in theFermi surface of the cuprate superconductor YBCO, whose nature and origin arethe subject of much debate. Interpretations include electron and hole pockets;scenarios include Fermi-surface reconstruction by antiferromagnetism,d-density-wave order, and stripe order. Here we report quantum oscillations inthe Seebeck and Nernst coefficients of YBCO and show, from the magnitude andsign of the Seebeck coefficient, that they come from an electron pocket. Usingmeasurements of the Seebeck coefficient as a function of hole doping p, we showthat the evolution of the Fermi surface in YBCO is the same as in Eu-LSCO, acuprate where stripe order (a modulation of spin and charge densities) is wellestablished. The electron pocket is most prominent where stripe order isstrongest, at p = 1/8. This shows that Fermi-surface reconstruction is ageneric mechanism of underdoped cuprates, intimately related to stripe order.

Fermi-surface reconstruction by stripe order in cuprate superconductors