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The combination of electronic correlations and Fermi surfaces with multiplenesting vectors can lead to the appearance of complex multi-Q magnetic groundstates, hosting unusual states such as chiral density-waves and quantum Hallinsulators. Distinguishing single-Q and multi-Q magnetic phases is however anotoriously difficult experimental problem. Here we propose theoretically thatthe local density of states near a magnetic impurity, whose orientation may becontrolled by an external magnetic field, can be used to map out the detailedmagnetic configuration of an itinerant system and distinguish unambiguouslybetween single-Q and multi-Q phases. We demonstrate this concept by computingand contrasting the LDOS near a magnetic impurity embedded in three differentmagnetic ground states relevant to iron-based superconductors -- one single-Qand two double-Q phases. Our results open a promising avenue to investigatecomplex magnetic configurations in itinerant systems via standard scanningtunneling spectroscopy, without requiring spin-resolved capability.

Scanning tunneling spectroscopy as a probe of multi-Q magnetic states of itinerant magnets