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Both land plants and metazoa have the capacity to reprogram differentiated cells to stem cells. Here we show that the moss  Physcomitrella patens  Cold-Shock Domain Protein 1 (PpCSP1) regulates reprogramming of differentiated leaf cells to chloronema apical stem cells and shares conserved domains with the induced pluripotent stem cell factor Lin28 in mammals. PpCSP1 accumulates in the reprogramming cells and is maintained throughout the reprogramming process and in the resultant stem cells. Expression of  PpCSP1  is negatively regulated by its 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR). Removal of the 3′-UTR stabilizes  PpCSP1  transcripts, results in accumulation of PpCSP1 protein and enhances reprogramming. A quadruple deletion mutant of  PpCSP1  and three closely related  PpCSP  genes exhibits attenuated reprogramming indicating that the  PpCSP  genes function redundantly in cellular reprogramming. Taken together, these data demonstrate a positive role of PpCSP1 in reprogramming, which is similar to the function of mammalian Lin28.

A Lin28 homologue reprograms differentiated cells to stem cells in the moss Physcomitrella patens