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The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in Fe-based compounds[1,2] has triggered numerous investigations on the interplay betweensuperconductivity and magnetism [3] and, more recently, on the enhancement oftransition temperatures through interface effects [4]. It is widely believedthat the emergence of optimal superconductivity is intimately linked to thesuppression of long-range antiferromagnetic (AFM) order, although the exactmicroscopic picture of this relationship remains elusive [1] due to the lack ofdata with atomic spatial resolution [5-7]. Here, we present a spin-polarizedscanning tunneling spectroscopy (SP-STS) study of ultrathin FeTe$_{1-x}$Se$_x$(x = 0, 0.5) films grown on prototypical Bi-based bulk topological insulators.Surprisingly, we find an energy gap at the Fermi level indicatingsuperconducting correlations up to Tc ~ 6 K for one unit cell thin FeTe layersgrown on Bi2Te3 substrates, in contrast to the non-superconducting FeTe bulkcompound [8]. Moreover, SP-STS reveals that the energy gap spatially coexistswith bicollinear AFM order. This finding opens novel perspectives fortheoretical studies of competing orders in Fe-based superconductors as well asfor experimental investigations of exotic phases in heterostructures oftopological insulators and superconducting layers.

Evidence for interfacial superconductivity in a bi-collinear antiferromagnetically ordered FeTe monolayer on a topological insulator