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Liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) may contribute to the high rate of recurrence and heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the biology of hepatic CSCs remains largely undefined. Through analysis of transcriptome microarray data, we identify a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) called  lncBRM , which is highly expressed in liver CSCs and HCC tumours.  LncBRM  is required for the self-renewal maintenance of liver CSCs and tumour initiation. In liver CSCs,  lncBRM  associates with BRM to initiate the BRG1/BRM switch and the BRG1-embedded BAF complex triggers activation of YAP1 signalling. Moreover, expression levels of  lncBRM  together with YAP1 signalling targets are positively correlated with tumour severity of HCC patients. Therefore,  lncBRM  and YAP1 signalling may serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and potential drug targets for HCC.

LncBRM initiates YAP1 signalling activation to drive self-renewal of liver cancer stem cells