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Delivery of the replicative helicase onto DNA is an essential step in the initiation of replication. In bacteria, DnaC (in  Escherichia coli ) and DnaI (in  Bacillus subtilis ) are representative of the two known mechanisms that assist the replicative helicase at this stage. Here, we establish that these two strategies cannot be regarded as prototypical of the bacterial domain since  dnaC  and  dnaI  ( dna[CI] ) are present in only a few bacterial phyla. We show that  dna[CI]  was domesticated at least seven times through evolution in bacteria and at the expense of one gene, which we rename  dciA  ( dna[CI]  antecedent), suggesting that DciA and Dna[CI] share a common function. We validate this hypothesis by establishing in  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  that DciA possesses the attributes of the replicative helicase-operating proteins associated with replication initiation.

DciA is an ancestral replicative helicase operator essential for bacterial replication initiation