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The maternally inherited alpha-proteobacterium  Wolbachia  has been proposed as a tool to block transmission of devastating mosquito-borne infectious diseases like dengue and malaria. Here we study the reproductive manipulations induced by a recently identified  Wolbachia  strain that stably infects natural mosquito populations of a major malaria vector,  Anopheles coluzzii , in Burkina Faso. We determine that these infections significantly accelerate egg laying but do not induce cytoplasmic incompatibility or sex-ratio distortion, two parasitic reproductive phenotypes that facilitate the spread of other  Wolbachia  strains within insect hosts. Analysis of 221 blood-fed  A. coluzzii  females collected from houses shows a negative correlation between the presence of  Plasmodium  parasites and  Wolbachia  infection. A mathematical model incorporating these results predicts that infection with these endosymbionts may reduce malaria prevalence in human populations. These data suggest that  Wolbachia  may be an important player in malaria transmission dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Wolbachia infections in natural Anopheles populations affect egg laying and negatively correlate with Plasmodium development