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The rich physics manifested by 5d oxides falls outside the Mott-Hubbardparadigm used to successfully explain the electronic and magnetic properties of3d oxides. Much consideration has been given to the extent to which strongspin-orbit coupling (SOC), in the limit of increased bandwidth and reducedelectron correlation, drives the formation of novel electronic states, asmanifested through the existence of metal-insulator transitions (MITs). SOC isbelieved to play a dominant role in 5d5 systems such as iridates (Ir4+),undergoing MITs which may or may not be intimately connected to magnetic order,with pyrochlore and perovksite systems being examples of the former and latter,respectively. However, the role of SOC for other 5d configurations is lessclear. For example, 5d3 (e.g Os5+) systems are expected to have an orbitalsinglet and consequently a reduced effect of SOC in the groundstate. Thepyrochlore osmate Cd2Os2O7 nonetheless exhibits a MIT intimately entwined withmagnetic order with phenomena similar to pyrochlore iridates. Here we reportthe first resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) measurements on an osmiumcompound, allowing us to determine the salient electronic and magnetic energyscales controlling the MIT in Cd2Os2O7, which we benchmark against detailedquantum chemistry calculations. In particular, we reveal the emergence at theMIT of a magnetic excitation corresponding to a superposition of multiplespin-flip processes from an Ising-like all-in/all-out magnetic groundstate. Wediscuss our results with respect to the role of SOC in magnetically mediatedMITs in 5d systems

Emergent excitation at the magnetic metal-insulator transition in the pyrochlore osmate Cd2Os2O7