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Food-web perturbations stemming from climate change, overexploitation,invasive species, and habitat degradation often cause an initial loss ofspecies that results in a cascade of secondary extinctions, posing considerablechallenges to ecosystem conservation efforts. Here we devise a systematicnetwork-based approach to reduce the number of secondary extinctions using apredictive modeling framework. We show that the extinction of one species canoften be compensated by the concurrent removal or population suppression ofother specific species, which is a counterintuitive effect not previouslytested in complex food webs. These compensatory perturbations frequentlyinvolve long-range interactions that are not evident from local predator-preyrelationships. In numerous cases, even the early removal of a species thatwould eventually be extinct by the cascade is found to significantly reduce thenumber of cascading extinctions. These compensatory perturbations only exploitresources available in the system, and illustrate the potential of humanintervention combined with predictive modeling for ecosystem management.

Rescuing ecosystems from extinction cascades through compensatory perturbations