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Reliable quantum information processing in the face of errors is a majorfundamental and technological challenge. Quantum error correction protectsquantum states by encoding a logical quantum bit (qubit) in multiple physicalqubits. To be compatible with universal fault-tolerant computations, it isessential that the states remain encoded at all times and that errors areactively corrected. Here we demonstrate such active error correction on acontinuously protected qubit using a diamond quantum processor. We encode alogical qubit in three long-lived nuclear spins, repeatedly detect phase errorsby non-destructive measurements using an ancilla electron spin, and applycorrections on the encoded state by real-time feedback. The activelyerror-corrected qubit is robust against errors and multiple rounds of errorcorrection prevent errors from accumulating. Moreover, by correcting correlatedphase errors naturally induced by the environment, we demonstrate that encodedquantum superposition states are preserved beyond the dephasing time of thebest physical qubit used in the encoding. These results establish a powerfulplatform for the fundamental investigation of error correction under differenttypes of noise and mark an important step towards fault-tolerant quantuminformation processing.

Repeated quantum error correction on a continuously encoded qubit by real-time feedback