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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are overlapping, fatal neurodegenerative disorders in which the molecular and pathogenic basis remains poorly understood. Ubiquitinated protein aggregates, of which TDP-43 is a major component, are a characteristic pathological feature of most ALS and FTD patients. Here we use genome-wide linkage analysis in a large ALS/FTD kindred to identify a novel disease locus on chromosome 16p13.3. Whole-exome sequencing identified a  CCNF  missense mutation at this locus. Interrogation of international cohorts identified additional novel  CCNF  variants in familial and sporadic ALS and FTD. Enrichment of rare protein-altering  CCNF  variants was evident in a large sporadic ALS replication cohort.  CCNF  encodes cyclin F, a component of an E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase complex (SCF Cyclin F ). Expression of mutant  CCNF  in neuronal cells caused abnormal ubiquitination and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, including TDP-43 and a SCF Cyclin F  substrate. This implicates common mechanisms, linked to protein homeostasis, underlying neuronal degeneration.

CCNF mutations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia