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TAF4 (TATA-binding protein-associated factor 4) and its paralogue TAF4b are components of the TFIID core module. We inactivated the murine  Taf4a  gene to address Taf4 function during embryogenesis. Here we show that  Taf4a  −/−  embryos survive until E9.5 where primary germ layers and many embryonic structures are identified showing Taf4 is dispensable for their specification. In contrast, Taf4 is required for correct patterning of the trunk and anterior structures, ventral morphogenesis and proper heart positioning. Overlapping expression of  Taf4a  and  Taf4b  during embryogenesis suggests their redundancy at early stages. In agreement with this,  Taf4a  −/−  embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are viable and comprise Taf4b-containing TFIID. Nevertheless,  Taf4a  −/−  ESCs do not complete differentiation into glutamatergic neurons and cardiomyocytes  in vitro  due to impaired preinitiation complex formation at the promoters of critical differentiation genes. We define an essential role of a core TFIID TAF in differentiation events during mammalian embryogenesis.

Essential role of the TFIID subunit TAF4 in murine embryogenesis and embryonic stem cell differentiation