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Nowadays superconductors serve in numerous applications, from high-fieldmagnets to ultra-sensitive detectors of radiation. Mesoscopic superconductingdevices, i.e. those with nanoscale dimensions, are in a special position asthey are easily driven out of equilibrium under typical operating conditions.The out-of-equilibrium superconductors are characterized by non-equilibriumquasiparticles. These extra excitations can compromise the performance ofmesoscopic devices by introducing, e.g., leakage currents or decreasedcoherence times in quantum devices. By applying an external magnetic field, onecan conveniently suppress or redistribute the population of excessquasiparticles. In this article we present an experimental demonstration and atheoretical analysis of such effective control of quasiparticles, resulting inelectron cooling both in the Meissner and vortex states of a mesoscopicsuperconductor. We introduce a theoretical model of quasiparticle dynamicswhich is in quantitative agreement with the experimental data.

Quasiparticle trapping in Meissner and vortex states of mesoscopic superconductors