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When submitted to a magnetic field, micron size wires with superparamagneticproperties behave as embedded rheometers and represent interesting sensors formicro-rheology. Here we use rotational magnetic spectroscopy to measure theshear viscosity of the cytoplasm of living cells. We address the question ofwhether the cytoplasm is a viscoelastic liquid or a gel. The main result of thestudy is the observation of a rotational instability between a synchronous andan asynchronous regime of rotation, found for murine fibroblasts and humancancer cells. For wires of susceptibility 3.6, the transition occurs in therange 0.01...1 rad s-1. The determination of the shear viscosity (10...100 Pas) and elastic modulus (5...20 Pa) confirms the viscoelastic character of thecytoplasm. In contrast to earlier studies, it is concluded that the interior ofliving cells can be described as a viscoelastic liquid, and not as an elasticgel.

Local viscoelasticity of living cells measured by rotational magnetic spectroscopy