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Epithelial spreading is a common and fundamental aspect of variousdevelopmental and disease-related processes such as epithelial closure andwound healing. A key challenge for epithelial tissues undergoing spreading isto increase their surface area without disrupting epithelial integrity. Here weshow that orienting cell divisions by tension constitutes an efficientmechanism by which the Enveloping Cell Layer (EVL) releases anisotropic tensionwhile undergoing spreading during zebrafish epiboly. The control of EVLcell-division orientation by tension involves cell elongation and requiresmyosin II activity to align the mitotic spindle with the main tension axis. Wealso found that in the absence of tension-oriented cell divisions and in thepresence of increased tissue tension, EVL cells undergo ectopic fusions,suggesting that the reduction of tension anisotropy by oriented cell divisionsis required to prevent EVL cells from fusing. We conclude that cell-divisionorientation by tension constitutes a key mechanism for limiting tensionanisotropy and thus promoting tissue spreading during EVL epiboly.

Tension-oriented cell divisions limit anisotropic tissue tension in epithelial spreading during zebrafish epiboly