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Weyl semimetals are materials where electrons behave effectively as a kind ofmassless relativistic particles known asWeyl fermions. These particles occur intwo flavours, or chiralities, and are subject to quantum anomalies, thebreaking of a conservation law by quantum fluctuations. For instance, thenumber of Weyl fermions of each chirality is not independently conserved inparallel electric and magnetic field, a phenomenon known as the chiral anomaly.In addition, an underlying curved spacetime provides a distinct contribution toa chiral imbalance, an effect known as the mixed axial-gravitational anomaly,which remains experimentally elusive. However, the presence of a mixedgauge-gravitational anomaly has recently been tied to thermoelectricaltransport in a magnetic field, even in flat spacetime, opening the door toexperimentally probe such type of anomalies in Weyl semimetals. Using atemperature gradient, we experimentally observe a positive longitudinalmagnetothermoelectric conductance (PMTC) in the Weyl semimetal NbP forcollinear temperature gradients and magnetic fields (DT || B) that vanishes inthe ultra quantum limit. This observation is consistent with the presence of amixed axial-gravitational anomaly. Our work provides clear experimentalevidence for the existence of a mixed axial-gravitational anomaly of Weylfermions, an outstanding theoretical concept that has so far eludedexperimental detection.

Experimental signatures of the mixed axial-gravitational anomaly in the Weyl semimetal NbP