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Many exotic phenomena in strongly correlated electron systems emerge from theinterplay between spin and motional degrees of freedom. For example, doping anantiferromagnet gives rise to interesting phases including pseudogap states andhigh-temperature superconductors. A promising route towards achieving acomplete understanding of these materials begins with analytic andcomputational analysis of simplified models. Quantum simulation has recentlyemerged as a complementary approach towards understanding these models.Ultracold fermions in optical lattices offer the potential to answer openquestions on the low-temperature regime of the doped Hubbard model, which isthought to capture essential aspects of the cuprate superconductor phasediagram but is numerically intractable in that parameter regime. A newperspective is afforded by quantum gas microscopy of fermions, which allowsreadout of magnetic correlations at the site-resolved level. Here we report therealization of an antiferromagnet in a repulsively interacting Fermi gas on a2D square lattice of approximately 80 sites. Using site-resolved imaging, wedetect (finite-size) antiferromagnetic long-range order (LRO) through thedevelopment of a peak in the spin structure factor and the divergence of thecorrelation length that reaches the size of the system. At our lowesttemperature of T/t = 0.25(2) we find strong order across the entire sample. Ourexperimental platform enables doping away from half filling, where pseudogapstates and stripe ordering are expected, but theoretical methods becomenumerically intractable. In this regime we find that the antiferromagnetic LROpersists to hole dopings of about 15%, providing a guideline for computationalmethods. Our results demonstrate that quantum gas microscopy of ultracoldfermions in optical lattices can now address open questions on thelow-temperature Hubbard model.

Experimental realization of a long-range antiferromagnet in the Hubbard model with ultracold atoms