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Entanglement is one of the most fundamental properties of quantum mechanics,and is the key resource for quantum information processing. Bipartite entangledstates of identical particles have been generated and studied in severalexperiments, and post-selected or heralded entangled states involving pairs ofphotons, single photons and single atoms, or different nuclei in the solidstate, have also been produced. Here, we use a deterministic quantum logic gateto generate a "hybrid" entangled state of two trapped-ion qubits held indifferent isotopes of calcium, perform full tomography of the state produced,and make a test of Bell's inequality with non-identical atoms. We use alaser-driven two-qubit gate, whose mechanism is insensitive to the qubits'energy splittings, to produce a maximally-entangled state of one Ca-40 qubitand one Ca-43 qubit, held 3.5 microns apart in the same ion trap, with 99.8(6)%fidelity. We test the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) version of Bell'sinequality for this novel entangled state and find that it is violated by 15standard deviations; in this test, we close the detection loophole but not thelocality loophole. Mixed-species quantum logic is a powerful technique for theconstruction of a quantum computer based on trapped ions, as it allowsprotection of memory qubits while other qubits undergo logic operations, or areused as photonic interfaces to other processing units. The entangling gatemechanism used here can also be applied to qubits stored in different atomicelements; this would allow both memory and logic gate errors due to photonscattering to be reduced below the levels required for fault-tolerant quantumerror correction, which is an essential pre-requisite for general-purposequantum computing.

Hybrid quantum logic and a test of Bell's inequality using two different atomic isotopes