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NGC 4449 is a nearby Magellanic irregular starburst galaxy with a B-bandabsolute magnitude of -18 and a prominent, massive, intermediate-age nucleus ata distance from Earth of 3.8 megaparsecs. It is wreathed in an extraordinaryneutral hydrogen (H I) complex, which includes rings, shells and acounter-rotating core, spanning 90 kiloparsecs. NGC 4449 is relativelyisolated, although an interaction with its nearest known companion-the galaxyDDO 125, some 40 kpc to the south-has been proposed as being responsible forthe complexity of its HI structure. Here we report the presence of a dwarfgalaxy companion to NGC 4449, namely NGC 4449B. This companion has a V-bandabsolute magnitude of -13.4 and a half-light radius of 2.7 kpc, with a fullextent of around 8 kpc. It is in a transient stage of tidal disruption, similarto that of the Sagittarius dwarf near the Milky Way. NGC 4449B exhibits astriking S-shaped morphology that has been predicted for disrupting galaxiesbut has hitherto been seen only in a dissolving globular cluster. We alsodetect an additional arc or disk ripple embedded in a two-component stellarhalo, including a component extending twice as far as previously known, toabout 20 kpc from the galaxy's centre.

A tidally distorted dwarf galaxy near NGC 4449