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Like many galaxies of its size, the Milky Way is a disk with prominent spiralarms rooted in a central bar, although our knowledge of its structure andorigin is incomplete. Traditional attempts to understand the Galaxy'smorphology assume that it has been unperturbed by major external forces. Herewe report simulations of the response of the Milky Way to the infall of theSagittarius dwarf galaxy (Sgr), which results in the formation of spiral arms,influences the central bar and produces a flared outer disk. Two ring-likewrappings emerge towards the Galactic anti-Center in our model that arereminiscent of the low- latitude arcs observed in the same area of the MilkyWay. Previous models have focused on Sgr itself to reproduce the dwarf'sorbital history and place associated constraints on the shape of the Milky Waygravitational potential, treating the Sgr impact event as a trivial influenceon the Galactic disk. Our results show that the Milky Way's morphology is notpurely secular in origin and that low-mass minor mergers predicted to be commonthroughout the Universe probably have a similarly important role in shapinggalactic structure.

The Sagittarius impact as an architect of spirality and outer rings in the Milky Way