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Observations of the 21-centimetre line of atomic hydrogen in the earlyUniverse directly probe the history of the reionization of the gas betweengalaxies. The observations are challenging, though, because of the low expectedsignal strength (~10 mK), and contamination by strong (>100 K) foregroundsynchrotron emission in the Milky Way and extragalactic continuum sources2. Ifreionization happened rapidly, there should be a characteristic signaturevisible against the smooth foreground in an all-sky spectrum. Here we report anall-sky spectrum between 100 and 200 MHz, corresponding to the redshift range 6< z < 13 for the 21-centimetre line. The data exclude a rapid reionizationtimescale of dz < 0.06 at the 95% confidence level.

A lower limit of dz > 0.06 for the duration of the reionization epoch