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The peculiar object P/2010 A2 was discovered by the LINEAR near-Earthasteroid survey in January 2010 and given a cometary designation due to thepresence of a trail of material, although there was no central condensation orcoma. The appearance of this object, in an asteroidal orbit (small eccentricityand inclination) in the inner main asteroid belt attracted attention as apotential new member of the recently recognized class of 'Main Belt Comets'(MBCs). If confirmed, this new object would greatly expand the range inheliocentric distance over which MBCs are found. Here we present observationstaken from the unique viewing geometry provided by ESA's Rosetta spacecraft,far from the Earth, that demonstrate that the trail is due to a single eventrather than a period of cometary activity, in agreement with independentresults from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The trail is made up ofrelatively large particles of millimetre to centimetre size that remain closeto the parent asteroid. The shape of the trail can be explained by an initialimpact ejecting large clumps of debris that disintegrated and dispersed almostimmediately. We determine that this was an asteroid collision that occurredaround February 10, 2009.

A collision in 2009 as the origin of the debris trail of asteroid P/2010 A2