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Submillimetre surveys during the past decade have discovered a population ofluminous, high-redshift, dusty starburst galaxies. In the redshift range 1 <= z<= 4, these massive submillimetre galaxies go through a phase characterized byoptically obscured star formation at rates several hundred times that in thelocal Universe. Half of the starlight from this highly energetic process isabsorbed and thermally re-radiated by clouds of dust at temperatures near 30 Kwith spectral energy distributions peaking at 100 microns in the rest frame. At1 <= z <= 4, the peak is redshifted to wavelengths between 200 and 500 microns.The cumulative effect of these galaxies is to yield extragalactic optical andfar-infrared backgrounds with approximately equal energy densities. Since theinitial detection of the far-infrared background (FIRB), higher-resolutionexperiments have sought to decompose this integrated radiation into thecontributions from individual galaxies. Here we report the results of anextragalactic survey at 250, 350 and 500 microns. Combining our results at 500microns with those at 24 microns, we determine that all of the FIRB comes fromindividual galaxies, with galaxies at z >= 1.2 accounting for 70 per cent ofit. As expected, at the longest wavelengths the signal is dominated byultraluminous galaxies at z > 1.

Over half of the far-infrared background light comes from galaxies at z >= 1.2