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Since the discovery of high-transition temperature ($T_c$) superconductivityin layered copper oxides, extensive efforts have been devoted to explore thehigher $T_c$ superconductivity. However, the $T_c$ higher than 40 K can beobtained only in the copper oxide superconductors so far. The highest reportedvalue of $T_c$ for non-copper-oxide bulk superconductivity is 39 K in$MgB_2$.\cite{jun} The $T_c$ of about 40 K is close to or above the theoreticalvalue predicted from BCS theory.\cite{mcmillan} Therefore, it is verysignificant to search for non-copper oxide superconductor with the transitiontemperature higher than 40 K to understand the mechanism of high-$T_c$superconductivity. Here we report the discovery of bulk superconductivity insamarium-arsenide oxides $SmFeAsO_{1-x}F_x$ with ZrCuAiAs type structure.Resistivity and magnetization measurements show strong evidences for transitiontemperature as high as 43 K. $SmFeAsO_{1-x}F_x$ is the first non-copper oxidesuperconductor with $T_c$ higher than 40 K. The $T_c$ higher than 40 K may be astrong argument to consider $SmFeAsO_{1-x}F_x$ as an unconventionalsuperconductor.

Superconductivity at 43 K in Samarium-arsenide Oxides $SmFeAsO_{1-x}F_x$