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Single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are the most commercially diffusedsolution for single-photon counting in quantum key distribution (QKD)applications. However, the secondary photon emission, arising from theavalanche of charge carriers during a photon detection, may be exploited by aneavesdropper to gain information without forcing errors in the transmissionkey. In this paper, we characterise such backflash light in gated InGaAs/InPSPADs, and its spectral and temporal characterization for different detectormodels and different operating parameters. We qualitatively bound the maximuminformation leakage due to backflash light, and propose a solution.

Backflash light characterization to prevent QKD zero-error hacking