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Ultrafast spectroscopy shows that novel surface states give rise to ultrabright photoluminescence from surface-modified silicon quantum dots. Specifically, researchers from Jilin University and Fudan University in China used femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in combination with time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy to investigate the underlying mechanism for the ultrabright, colour-tunable photoluminescence, which they had previously observed from nitrogen-containing, colloidal silicon quantum dots passivated by organic ligands. They discovered that the mechanism was related to exciton wave functions being modulated by surface molecular engineering. Based on this insight, they produced surface-modified silicon quantum dots that had identical sizes and yet whose emissions ranged in colour from deep blue to orange. This novel approach involves tailoring the surfaces of nanoparticles in contrast to the conventional approach of varying the nanoparticle size.

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Ultrafast optical spectroscopy of surface-modified silicon quantum dots: unraveling the underlying mechanism of the ultrabright and color-tunable photoluminescence