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Genome sequencing projects have revealed many biosynthesis gene clusters for the production of as-yet unknown secondary metabolites, especially in actinomycetes. Here, we report that the rare earth elements, scandium and/or lanthanum, markedly activate, ranging from 2.5- to 12-fold, the expression of nine genes belonging to nine secondary metabolite-biosynthetic gene clusters of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) when added to the medium at low concentrations. HPLC analysis of ethyl acetate-extractable metabolites indicated the detectability of several compounds only in the rare earth-treated cultures. This approach should facilitate discovery of new biologically active compounds and the study of secondary metabolite production.

Rare earth elements activate the secondary metabolite–biosynthetic gene clusters in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)