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RAG1 and RAG2 proteins are key components in V(D)J recombination. The core region of RAG1 is capable of catalyzing the recombination reaction; however, the biological function of non-core RAG1 remains largely unknown. Here, we show that in a murine-model carrying the RAG1 ring-finger conserved cysteine residue mutation (C325Y), V(D)J recombination was abrogated at the cleavage step, and this effect was accompanied by decreased mono-ubiquitylation of histone H3. Further analyses suggest that un-ubiquitylated histone H3 restrains RAG1 to the chromatin by interacting with the N-terminal 218 amino acids of RAG1. Our data provide evidence for a model in which ubiquitylation of histone H3 mediated by the ring-finger domain of RAG1 triggers the release of RAG1, thus allowing its transition into the cleavage phase. Collectively, our findings reveal that the non-core region of RAG1 facilitates chromosomal V(D)J recombination in a ubiquitylation-dependent pathway.

RAG1-mediated ubiquitylation of histone H3 is required for chromosomal V(D)J recombination