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Adiponectin is a cytokine produced predominantly by adipose tissue and correlates with glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, the effects of adiponectin on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis of adipose tissue remain elusive. In this study, we found that tunicamycin-induced ER stress increased serum free fatty acid (FFA) and impaired glucose tolerance, elevated the mRNA levels of  GRP78 ,  Chop ,  ATF2  and  caspase 3 , but reduced  adiponectin  mRNA level in white adipose tissue. Moreover, ER stress-triggered adipocyte apoptosis by increasing cellular FFA level and Ca 2+  level. Further analysis revealed that adiponectin alleviated ER stress-induced adipocyte apoptosis by elevating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ( PPARα ) mRNA level. Our data also confirmed that adiponectin reduced early apoptotic cells and blocked the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by activating the AdipoR1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signal pathway. In addition, PPAR α  bound to ATF2 promoter region and inhibited transcription of ATF2. The inhibition of adipocyte apoptosis by adiponectin was correlated with transcriptional suppression of ATF2. Furthermore, adiponectin inhibited ER stress-induced apoptosis by activating the AMPK/PKC pathway. In summary, our data demonstrate adiponectin inhibited ER stress and apoptosis of adipocyte  in vivo  and  in vitro  by activating the AMPK/PPAR α /ATF2 pathway. Our study establishes that adiponectin is an important adipocytokine for preventing and treating obesity.

Adiponectin reduces ER stress-induced apoptosis through PPARα transcriptional regulation of ATF2 in mouse adipose