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Ku70 (Lupus Ku autoantigen p70) is essential in nonhomologous end joining DNA double-strand break repair, and  ku70   −/−   mice age prematurely because of increased genomic instability and DNA damage responses. Previously, we found that Ku70 also inhibits Bax, a key mediator of apoptosis. We hypothesized that Bax-mediated apoptosis would be enhanced in the absence of Ku70 and contribute to premature death observed in  ku70   −/−   mice. Here, we show that  ku70   −/−    bax   +/−   and  ku70   −/−    bax   −/−   mice have better survival, especially in females, than  ku70   −/−   mice, even though Bax deficiency did not decrease the incidence of lymphoma observed in a Ku70-null background. Moreover, we found that  ku70   −/−   mice develop lung diseases, like emphysema and pulmonary arterial (PA) occlusion, by 3 months of age. These lung abnormalities can trigger secondary health problems such as heart failure that may account for the poor survival of  ku70   −/−   mice. Importantly, Bax deficiency appeared to delay the development of emphysema. This study suggests that enhanced Bax activity exacerbates the negative impact of Ku70 deletion. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of emphysema and pulmonary hypertension due to PA occlusion are not well understood, and therefore  ku70   −/−   and Bax-deficient  ku70   −/−   mice may be useful models to study these diseases.

Bax deficiency extends the survival of Ku70 knockout mice that develop lung and heart diseases