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DNA cell cycle distribution and glutathione (GSH) content in bone marrow were measured both at daytime and midnight over single 24 h periods in 15 cancer patients. Between patients the S-phase demonstrated a difference from lowest to highest value of 700%, whereas the corresponding difference for the G2/M-phase was nearly 900%. The mean GSH content measured in the bone marrow at the two timepoints was 2.24 +/- 0.21 nmol mg-1 protein, range 0.91-4.19 nmol mg-1 protein. A statistically significant higher fraction of cells in S-phase and G2/M-phase was found at daytime as compared to midnight when excluding the four patients with an abnormal circadian variation in cortisol. No significant temporal variation in total bone marrow GSH content was found, although a weak correlation between S-phase and GSH content was demonstrated (r = 0.42; P less than 0.05). This correlation was strengthened when not including the six patients with an abnormal cortisol pattern (4) and bone marrow infiltration (2) (r = 0.66; P = 0.005). Cells in S-phase demonstrated a positive correlation with cells in G2/M-phase (r = 0.64; P less than 0.0001). A negative correlation was found between GSH content and age (r = 0.53; P less than 0.005). Finally, a statistically significant positive correlation was demonstrated between cortisol and both S-phase and G2/M-phase (r = 0.57; P less than 0.001 and r = 0.38; P less than 0.05, respectively). The present study suggests a possibility of optimising cancer therapy and use of hematopoietic growth factors by determining individual average values and circadian stage dependent variation in bone marrow DNA cell cycle distribution. Furthermore, GSH content in bone marrow may predict this tissue's sensitivity to cytotoxic agents.

DNA cell cycle distribution and glutathione (GSH) content according to circadian stage in bone marrow of cancer patients