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The ability to detect photosensitisers in tissue at a microscopical level is important when studying photodynamic therapy (PDT) in both normal and malignant tissue. We have studied the fluorescence distribution of aluminium sulphonated phthalocyanine (A1SPc) in the normal rat bladder using a cooled CCD (charge coupled device) imaging system with computerised image processing. This system makes it possible to carry out a quantitative assessment of photosensitiser fluorescence in the various layers of the bladder wall. The highest fluorescence intensities were obtained within 1 h of intravenous administration but there was little selectivity of uptake between layers. A1SPc was eliminated from the deeper muscle layers more quickly than from the superficial layers of the bladder wall so that by 24 h a 4:1 ratio of fluorescence intensity was apparent which persisted at least until 72 h, although the absolute amount of photosensitiser declined. Following irradiation by red light (675 nm), photobleaching of the sensitiser in the deeper layers further increased this ratio. Direct absorption of A1SPc by the bladder wall following intravesical administration proved unreliable.

The detection of phthalocyanine fluorescence in normal rat bladder wall using sensitive digital imaging microscopy