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Human calcitonin (hCT) like material has been detected in plasma, urine and tissue extracts of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and lung cancer as well as in the incubation medium of cultured cells of these tumours (Bertagna et al., 1978; Ellison et al., 1975; Goltzman & Tischler, 1978; Goltzman et al., 1974; Gropp et al., 1980a,b; Ham et al., 1980; Luster et al., 1982; Milhaud et al., 1974; Silva et al., 1974; Sizemore & Heath, 1975). The hCT immunoreactive material has been shown to be useful as tumour markers in patients with MTC and with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) to determine prognosis and response to therapy (Goltzman et al., 1974; Gropp et al., 1980a,b). The hCT has not only been detected in man but also in protochordates (Galan et al., 1981a, Girgis et al., 1980), in amphibia (Galan Galan et al., 1981b, Perez Cano et al., 1981) and in birds (Perez Cano et al., 1982). In these animals hCT coexists with other calcitonins like salmon calcitonin (sCT). Recently the existence of sCT in human thyroid and brain has been described by Fischer et al., 1983. This study shows for the first time the coexistence of both hCTand sCTlike material in sera of patients with SCLC and in the culture medium of established lung cancer cell lines. hCT and sCT were determined simultaneously in about 100 patients with histologically proven SCLC before therapy. Prior to therapy, extent of disease was determined by physical examination, liver function tests, chest and bone X-rays, bronchoand/or mediastinoscopy, bone marrow examination, ultrasound, computerized tomography and nuclear scans of the bone. Patients were divided into limited and extensive categories. Limited disease implied that the disease was confined to one hemithorax with or without mediastinal node disease, with or without ipsilateral supraclavicular node involvement and with or without ipsilateral small pleural effusion (without malignant cells). Extensive disease was defined as disease beyond the

Salmon and human calcitonin like material in lung cancer