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The adaptation of the agar colony-forming assay to the study of proliferation and drug sensitivity determination in solid tumours has presented many problems. First has been the necessity to obtain an adequate viable tumour sample. Next have been the difficulties associated with dissociation of the sample with production of a single cell suspension that does not reaggregate and the establishment of culture conditions that permit maximum cloning efficiency (CE) for the range of tumours to be studied. Finally comes the necessity for patience, for it is important that such cultures are given sufficient time to develop the maximum achievable number of colonies. Most studies using these systems have concentrated on adult solid tumours (Salmon et al., 1978; Courtenay et al., 1978; Pavelic et al., 1980); few have addressed paediatric solid tumours. Those which have were limited to single tumour types such as Wilms' tumour (Dow et al., 1982) and neuroblastoma (Von Hoff et al., 1980). Basic differences in derivation, growth rate and size between the majority of childhood and adult neoplasms limit the extrapolation of results from adult studies to those on paediatric tumours. In this study we have assessed the application of the agar colony-forming assay to an unselected series of paediatric solid tumours. Forty-seven consecutive biopsy specimens from 40 children aged up to 15 years were studied. Patients with leukaemia or lymphoma were excluded from this study. Results of studies on acute myelocytic leukaemia have been reported elsewhere (Lihou & Smith, 1983). All studies were made on material collected at operations performed for clinical reasons and remaining after sufficient tissue had been taken for clinical laboratory study. Tumour specimens trimmed of normal tissue were weighed and then cut into pieces of less than 1 mm diameter in 50 ml RPMI 1640 medium using dental wax for support. The mince obtained by this

Limitations of the agar colony-forming assay for the assessment of paediatric tumours