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The relationship of cytogenetic changes with the acquisition of an indefinite life span in vitro, the ability of cells to grow in soft agar and their tumourigenicity in syngeneic animals has been studied in control, trans-7,8-dihydrodiolbenzo(a)pyrene and 7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)-pyrene-treated secondary cultures derived from Chinese hamster embryonic lung. Karyotype analysis revealed a sequence of chromosome changes as the cells progressed through culture. Aneuploidy, namely trisomy of chromosome 4, the long arm in particular, was an early dominant change. The possible association of this trisomy with the acquisition of immortality in vitro is implicated, although the involvement of other nonrandom chromosome changes cannot be eliminated, implying that there may be several genomic sites in the Chinese hamster which may potentially be involved with the acquisition of unlimited growth potential. Neither the ability of cells to grow in soft agar nor as tumours could be associated with any specific chromosome(s). Double minutes were observed in metaphases from the cell lines, agar colonies and tumours; their possible relationship with growth advantage is discussed.

Karyotype analysis of carcinogen-treated Chinese hamster cells in vitro evolving from a normal to a malignant phenotype