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Most studies to elucidate the role of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) have examined polyclonal antisera. However, more recently there have been reports of monoclonal antibodies being active in such systems (Bernstein et al., 1980; Herlyn al., 1979). This is important because monoclonal reagents obviate the inherent variability and heterogeneity of conventional antisera and permit a more accurate analysis of the effector cell populations responsible for ADCC against a variety of targets. Furthermore, these advantages enable different groups to compare results. Since monoclonal antibodies have been found to be effective in suppressing the growth of human tumours in immune-deprived animals (Herlyn et al., 1980; Bernstein et al., 1980; Kirch & Hammerling, 1981), we decided to investigate an ADCC assay with a view to using it as a more simple system to screen monoclonal antibodies for possible clinical use. To do this we examined killing of human breast cancer cells comparing polyclonal and monoclonal antisera. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) and human bone marrow were used as sources of effector cells. We considered the latter to be important in view of the possibilities of using monoclonal antibodies to kill cancer cells in bone marrow (Buckman et al., 1982). The two polyclonal antisera tested were (a) antiepithelial membrane antigen (anti-EMA) raised in rabbits and purified as previously reported (Sloane & Ormerod, 1981) and (b) an antiserum raised in mice against the cell line MCF-7. Anti-EMA was chosen because of its value in detecting metastatic breast cancer cells in the bone marrow (Dearnaley et al., 1981). Anti-EMA and anti-MCF-7 were both used at a dilution of 1/100 in medium (RPMI 1640, Gibco, containing 2% foetal calf serum, kanomycin

british journal of cancer

Antibody-dependent-cellular-cytotoxicity against cultured human breast cancer cells mediated by human effector cells using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies