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CONSIDERABLE interest has been aroused in recent years by the possibility of using liposomes for the delivery of cytotoxic drugs. By altering the distribution of the drug between tissues, liposomes may protect against systemic toxicity, and the attachment of ligands to the liposome surface (Szoka & Papahadjopoulos, 1981) may enable targeting to specific types of cell (Huang et al., 1980; Mauk et al., 1980). A major drawback to the liposomal delivery of water-soluble drugs, such as daunorubicin, methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside, is that during preparation of liposomes only a small.proportion of the drug may become encapsulated, and subsequent retention is highly dependent on the integrity of the liposomal membranes (Stamp & Juliano, 1979). One solution to this problem is to modify the compound by the addition of lipophilic side-chains, so that it partitions into the lipid rather than into the aqueous phase (Knight, 1981). We have synthesized some N-acyl derivatives of daunorubicin and measured their retention within dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes. We report below the toxicity of these liposomes to L929 cells in culture. Daunorubicin-HCl was kindly given by Farmitalia, Milan, Italy. N-Acyl daunorubicin derivatives with acyl chain lengths of 2, 4, 8 and 16 carbon atoms were made by the mixed-anhydride method (Albertson, 1962) and purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography on silica gel.

Toxicity of liposomal N-acyl daunorubicins to L929 cells in culture