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EXCLUDING SKIN CANCER, carcinoma of the prostate is the second most common cancer among males in most developed countries and accounts for 17,000 deaths annually in the United States (Cutler & Young, 1975). Three major hypotheses for the aetiology of the disease have been proposed, one based on endogenous hormonal influences, a second based on chemical exposures, and a third based on venereal transmission by an infectious agent. Evidence for and against the first two hypotheses has been presented extensively elsewhere (Wynder et al., 1971; Ross et al., 1979). Support for the third theory comes from a number of epidemiological findings. For example, prostatic cancer has been associated with marital status, evermarried, particularly divorced men, being at higher risk than never-married men (King et al., 1963). An above-average risk of prostatic cancer has also been reported in men who have sexual intercourse more often than average and have more than one sex partner (Krain et al., 1973). Additional evidence for a horizontally transmitted infectious agent in the aetiology of cancer of the prostate comes from animal studies, in which cancer of the prostate has been induced in vitro by oncogenic viruses (Paulson et al., 1968), from findings of virus-like particles in prostatic cancers in man (Tannenbaum & Lattimer, 1970) and from the purported higher incidence of cervical carcinoma in Accepted 14 October 1980

A cohort study of mortality from cancer of the prostate in Catholic priests