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IT has been clearly shown that fragments of some human tissues and tumours can be maintained or grown in mice made deficient in cell-mediated immunity by thymectomy, lethal irradiation and re-constitution with syngeneic bone marrow (Davies et al., 1969; Castro, 1972). This technique has considerable implications, both for the study of human tumours and the management of patients with them. In particular, it might provide a laboratory method for defining the most effective chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of specific patients (Sheard, Double and Berenbaum, 1971) and allow an assessment of the hormone dependence of a specific tumour (Castro, 1973). However, the hormonal milieu of male and female mice made deficient in cell-mediated immunity by these techniques has not previously been studied. We have measured serum concentrations of oestradiol, progesterone and testo-sterone in normal male and female mice aged 9 and 17 weeks, and compared these concentrations with those of mice of similar ages, but who had been made deficient in cell-mediated immunity when aged 3-4 weeks. Three-to four-week-old male and female CBA mice (Olac Limited) were thymecto-mized using methods previously described (Castro, 1974). Two weeks later they received 900rad whole-body irradiation from a cobalt source, and within 24 h an i.v. injection of 5 x 106 viable syngeneic marrow cells obtained by irrigating donor femurs and tibias with tissue culture medium TC199 (GQibco and Biocult, UK). Hormone levels were measured in normal and immunodeficient male and female mice aged 9 and 17 weeks. For each determination, serum was obtained by cardiac puncture from 30 mice and measurements were performed in 4 sets of pooled sera, using a total of 120 mice. In the female mice, blood was taken irrespective of the stage of the oestrous cycle. Testosterone, progesterone and oestradiol were all measured by radioimmunoassay, with the exception that the LH20 column was omitted in the measurement of progester-one. The antisera for measurements of oestradiol and progesterone were kindly given by Dr Youssefnejadian of the Chelsea Hospital, London. Analysis of data was by unpaired Student's t test. Serum hormone concentrations in female mice. The serum hormone concentrations for each group of mice, together with normal human serum concentrations, are shown in Table I. The results are expressed in ng/ 100 ml of serum. In 9-week-old female mice there was no significant difference in any of the measured serum hiormone concentrations between immunodeficient and normal mice. In normal mice there …

Hormonal environment of immunosuppressed mice