English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

In the district of Srikakulam in Andhra Pradesh in South India the habit of reverse smoking is widespread. In a house to house survey of oral cancer and precancerous conditions, comprising 10,169 villagers, 43·8% were reverse smokers; the female: male ratio being 1·7: 1. Ten previously undiagnosed cases of oral cancer, 9 located to palate, were found. The prevalences for leukoplakia, preleukoplakia and leukokeratosis nicotina palati were 4·9%, 2·9% and 9·5%. Of 497 leukoplakias, 422 were located to the palate and 413 of these patients had the habit of reverse smoking. Histologically, 80% of 381 palatal biopsies had a hyperorthokeratosis. Epithelial atypia was found in 15·3% of leukoplakias, in 3·6% of the preleukoplakias, and in 9·1% of leukokeratosis nicotina palati. Various explanations for the habit of reverse smoking are suggested and discussed. In addition to reverse smoking, other tobacco habits were also recorded; all habits and oral lesions were compared and have been discussed according to their apparent interrelationships and distribution by sex and age.

Reverse Smoking in Andhra Pradesh, India: A Study of Palatal Lesions among 10,169 Villagers