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The same two series of thyroid glands studied previously were investigated for nuclease activity. In the first, 56 samples of human thyroid tissue were fractionated into 3 cytoplasmic preparations-mitochondria, microsomes and supernatant. These tissues were distributed as follows: normal (11), adenoma (10), thyrotoxic (20), cancer (7), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (7) and Hurthle-cell adenoma (1). The method of fractionation has already been described (Ayre et al., 1968). From 3 normals and 1 cancer, only the supernatant could be obtained. The following enzyme activities were measured as previously described by Goldberg and Pitts (1966): alkaline and acid ribonuclease (alk. and acid RNAase, EC 2.7.7.16), deoxyribonuclease I (DNAase I, EC 3.1.4.5), deoxyribonuclease II (DNAase HI, EC 3.1.4.6) and adenosine deaminase (ADase, EC 3.5.4.4). ADase was measured only in the supernatant; the other enzymes were measured in each of the 3 fractions. Protein concentration was measured by the method of Lowry, Rosebrough, Farr and Randall (1951), and the wet weight of each tissue was accurately recorded shortly after collection. It was thus possible in each fraction to express the enzyme activity relative to the protein content of that fraction (specific activity), the weight of the tissue, and the percentage of the total cytoplasmic activity of that enzyme. In the second series, 18 samples of human thyroid were subjected to prolonged homogenisation, and a supernatant fraction was prepared from the homogenate in which the enzyme activities listed above were measured. The methods of tissue homogenisation and estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid-phosphorus (DNA-P) content of the homogenate were described in a previous publication (Goldberg, Goudie and Ayre, 1968) which gives other relevant information. As the protein content of the supernatant and the wet weight of the tissue were also measured, enzyme activities were expressed for the supernatant in relation to the protein content of that fraction, the wet weight of the tissue and the DNA-P content of the homogenate.

Nucleases and adenosine deaminase in malignant and non-malignant lesions of the human thyroid