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THE preparation of tumour material for the measurement of the stain content of individual cells is a relatively simple procedure, and the technique of Feulgen microspectrophotometry can be applied to virtually all samples of fresh tumour material; indeed, adequate data on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content can thereby be obtained not only from pieces of solid tumour removed surgically, but also from smears consisting only of moderate numbers of interphase cells. obtained for instance by scraping the surface of malignant lesions of the cervix uteri (Atkin, 1964b). In contrast, chromosome studies demand material containing adequate numbers of dividing cells (not always present in small samples of human tumour material) and furthermore are subject to the vagaries of presentday techniques for chromosome spreading: metaphases may be poorly spread or have lost chromosomes during the course of preparation. The object of the present study is to investigate the relation between the DNA content (of interphase cells, estimated by microspectrophotometry) and the chromosome number of a fairly large group of human tumours. We have undertaken this investigation for two reasons: to provide more confidence in the use of Feulgen nlicrospectrophotometry of interphase cells for the estimation of the approximate chromosome number of a tumour, and to study in more detail the small discrepancy between DNA content and chromosome number, usually in the direction of more DNA per chromosome than in normal cells, previously observed in a group of 14 tumours (Richards and Atkin, 1960). Fifty tumours, divided into two groups, have been studied. The main group of 30 tumours comprises those which over the past 21 years have yielded the most abundant well-spread metaphases; some of the tumours were suitable for karyotype analysis as well as for chromosome counts, and the DNA data will be considered in relation to the observed karyotype abnormalities. The second group comprises tumours on which only a few exact chromosome counts, or mainly inexact counts, have been obtained. In part, the tumours in this group have been selected on the basis of their DNA content: since the first group contains only a few tumours with high DNA modes, several such tumours have been included in the second group (recent improvements in techniques for chromosome analysis have facilitated this, although a sparsity of metaphases may remain a difficulty).

A comparison of the DNA content and chromosome number of fifty human tumours.