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INTERFERENCE microscopy can be used to determine refractive indices with a high degree of accuracy in biological material such as cell cytoplasm (Davies et at., 1954). From such a refractive index measurement one can calculate the percentage solid concentration of the cytoplasm and, if the shape and size of the cell is known, the total dry mass of the cell may be determined using some simplifying assumptions. As the predominant part of the total dry mass of most cells is accounted for by the protein components (Davies, 1958), major changes in dry mass indicate changes in the protein complement of the cells. Landschiitz ascites tumour cells have been used for the studies presented in this paper. These cells are virtually spherical and their diameter can readily be measured, so that they are particularly suitable for examination by interference microscopy. Physical changes in these cells have been observed, using this technique, after treatment with the plant gum, Tragacanth, and with the nitrogen mustard sugar derivative, Mannitol Mustard (Degranol). Tragacanth inhibits ascites tumour growth (Roe, 1959) and preliminary work on its mode of action has been published (Galbraith, Mayhew and Roe, 1962). Mannitol mustard inhibits both solid and ascites tumour growth and histological and cytological changes in tumours following its application have been described (Kellner, 1956; Ga'ti et al., 1957).

Physical Changes, Measured by Interference Microscopy, in fresh Landschütz Ascites Tumour Cells after Tragacanth and Mannitol Mustard Treatments