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IN the course of a survey during 1952-56 of the environmental histories of residents in the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, Denbigh, Flint and Merioneth, and in the parts of Cheshire and Lancashire included in Liverpool Hospital Region who died of cancer, information was collected as to the occupations followed, kinds of houses lived in and sources of vegetables during 20 years preceding the onset of illness (Stocks, 1958). Although the occupational histories were coded, no analysis of them could be made for the survey report, but a limited study has now been effected in respect of the Welsh counties and of Cheshire excluding the county boroughs in order to find whether men whose occupations must have brought them into continual contact with the soil were more liable than other men to cancer of the stomach in those parts of North Wales where the incidence of that form of cancer is peculiarly high. It has been found that in the areas with high incidence there is a statistical association between frequency of occurrence of gastric cancer in houses and certain characters of the soil around them (Stocks and Davies, 1960), and if this is due to the presence of some carcinogenic agent it might reach the stomach through food which was either itself grown in the soil or contaminated by the hands of men in continual contact with soil, other possible channels being the water supply or radiation. If actual and frequent contact with the local soil is an important factor it would be expected that (a) men who had been engaged in farming, quarrying and mining occupations would have higher death rates from stomach cancer than other men of the same ages in North Wales whereas no such difference would appear in Cheshire; (b) the wives of men in those occupations would not show a corresponding excess over other wives; (c) living in houses having a vegetable garden and habitually consuming food from the garden by men who had not been engaged in those occupations and by women could fail to show any statistical association with mortality from stomach cancer. The main purpose of this enquiry has been to discover which if any of these conditions were satisfied.

A Study of Cancer Mortality in Farming, Quarrying, Mining and other Occupations in North Wales and Cheshire