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,B-GLUCURONIDASE is present in most animal tissues and is often found in highest amount in organs exposed to oestrogen stimulation and in malignant tumours. The main action of the enzyme is not accurately defined but Fishman (1955) has summarized the evidence in favour of its importance in steroid metabolism and participation in glucuronide synthesis. Levvy (1953) and co-workers proposed that ,f-glucuronidase levels represented an index of tissue growth and proliferation. However a number of examples in which there is no such correlation have been reported, e.g. by Mills, Paul and Smith (1953). The work described in this paper arose out of attempts to correlate glucuronidase levels with tumour production and growth. Fishman and Farmelant (1953) described the action of androgens and oestro-gens on liver and kidney fi-glucuronidase in inbred strains of mice. They found certain characteristic responses to these hormones, namely that oestrogen (stil-boestrol) produced an increase in the ,-glucuronidase level ofliver, while the kidney was not affected. Conversely, androgens (testosterone propionate) produced increases in the enzyme level in the kidney and did not change the activity in the liver. These observations were generally consistent for male mice of the strains tested. It seemed that this difference in response might offer a biochemical method of testing compounds for possible oestrogen or androgen-like action. The possibility of a stimulating action by glucuronidogenic substances would, of course, have to be borne in mind. On this basis the effects of injections of a number of polycyclic hydrocarbons into mice have been examined. The main point of interest was to seek an explanation of the remarkable effect of 9: l0-dimethyl-1: 2-benzanthracene in producing high yields of ovarian and breast tumours, particularly in IF strain mice (Howell, Marchant and Orr, 1954). These results are presented in the later part of the paper. The level of /J-glucuronidase activity in certain tissues at least, appears to be under genic control. Morrow, Greenspan and Carroll (1949) first observed that the inbred strain C3H, possessed a much lower level of liver /8-glucuronidase (about one-tenth) than was found in other strains. The levels in kidney and mammary tissues were also surprisingly low. Subsequently another " low)" strain was discovered, Bar Harbor-AKR (Fishman and Farmelant, 1953). By cross-mating mice of strains C3H (low activity) and strain A (high), Law, Morrow and Greenspan (1952), were able to demonstrate that the enzyme level was determined genetically and that the higher glucuronidase activity of …

Variation of β-Glucuronidase Levels within the C3H Strain and Observations on the Effect of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons on Glucuronidase Activity